involve research specific

involve
These out-of-school literacy practices, covering topics of interest to students and mediated by multiple modalities, all involve certain forms of reading and writing. However, a strong disconnect exists between students out-of-school and in-school literacy practices.

As stated by Cho, the advantage of collaborative writing in an informal setting was that the participants were usually highly motivated and self-regulated, and the tasks involved authentic, naturally motivated topics and contexts rather than collaborative writing prescribed by teachers as a language learning exercise.



research
After that we will discuss the implications for L2 writing pedagogy and future research. 

 Previous research has suggested that the informal style that computer-mediated communication fosters could help students express their personal voice and ideas more freely than in traditional classrooms, where students thoughts are often restricted and limited by rigid standards and fixed formats of writing




specific
 In her study, Cho specifically examined the interaction patterns among those three L2 learners in the synchronous L2 collaborative writing, and factors contributing to the degree of interaction.


 In all the cases, teachers often do not provide detailed formal instructions or specific rubrics regarding the expectations.

To be specific, Smith, Pacheco, and de Almeidas study investigated bilingual students multimodal composition in a formal learning context  a middle school writing classroom.

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